Long multi-byte NOPs: commonly understood macros or other notation
It's not a big secret that x86 (and x86_64) processors have not only the single-byte NOP instruction, but also various types of multi-byte NOP-like instructions. There's the ones I've managed to find: Recommended by AMD, ref. AMD Software Optimization Guide for AMD Family 15h Processors, document #47414 , section 5.8 "Code Padding with Operand-Size Override and Multibyte NOP", page 94) 90 NOP1_OVERRIDE_NOP 6690 NOP2_OVERRIDE_NOP 0f1f00 NOP3_OVERRIDE_NOP 0f1f4000 NOP4_OVERRIDE_NOP 0f1f440000 NOP5_OVERRIDE_NOP 660f1f440000 NOP6_OVERRIDE_NOP 0f1f8000000000 NOP7_OVERRIDE_NOP 0f1f840000000000 NOP8