Convert hexadecimal character (ligature) to utf-8 character
问题 I had a text content which is converted from a pdf file. There are some unwanted character in the text and I want to convert them to utf-8 characters. For instance; 'Artificial Immune System' is converted like 'Arti fi cial Immune System'. fi is converted like a one character and I used gdex to learn the ascii value of the character but I don't know how to replace it with the real value in the all content. 回答1: I guess what you're seeing are ligatures — professional fonts have glyps that