certifi

问题 I am using certifi python module to verify ssl connections. I looked at the root certificates included in certifi (python2.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem) and some of those certificates have expired. How do I update those certificates? I tried updating certifi package using pip but that only updates the package and not the root CA files. 回答1: certifi/cacert.pem is, naturally, a part of certifi . Consequently, it's supposed to be updated with the module. You can check if the latest code at

问题 I am scraping the following site using requests and certifi: https://ecf.ared.uscourts.gov/ When I scrape it on my local machine, it works fine, but when I run automated tests in Travis, it fails with: SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581) The code I'm using for this is pretty straightforward: url = 'https://ecf.ared.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/login.pl' r = requests.post( url, verify=certifi.where(), timeout=60, files={ 'login': ('', username), 'key': (''