boxing

Unity优化方向——优化Unity游戏中的垃圾回收(译)

試著忘記壹切 提交于 2020-04-17 22:14:48
介绍 当我们的游戏运行时,它使用内存来存储数据。当不再需要该数据时,存储该数据的内存将被释放,以便可以重用。垃圾是用来存储数据但不再使用的内存的术语。垃圾回收是该内存再次可用以进行重用的进程的名称。 Unity使用垃圾回收作为管理内存的一部分。如果垃圾回收发生得太频繁或者有太多工作要做,我们的游戏可能会表现不佳,这意味着垃圾回收是导致性能问题的常见原因。 在本文中,我们将了解垃圾回收如何工作的,什么时候发生垃圾回收,以及如何有效地使用内存,从而最小化垃圾回收对游戏的影响。 诊断垃圾回收的问题 垃圾回收导致的性能问题可以表现为帧率低、性能不稳定或间歇性冻结。然而,其他问题也会引起类似的症状。如果我们的游戏有这样的性能问题,我们应该做的第一件事就是使用Unity的Profiler窗口来确定我们看到的问题是否真的是由于垃圾回收造成的。 要了解如何使用Profiler窗口查找性能问题的原因,请查阅 这一篇 教程。 Unity内存管理简介 要理解垃圾回收是如何工作的,以及垃圾回收何时发生,我们必须首先理解Unity中内存的使用是如何工作的。首先,我们必须理解Unity在运行它自己的核心引擎代码和运行我们编写的代码时使用了不同的方法。 Unity在运行自己的核心Unity引擎代码时管理内存的方式叫做手动内存管理。这意味着核心引擎代码必须显式地声明如何使用内存。手动内存管理不使用垃圾回收

装箱(boxing)和拆箱(unboxing) [转]

我是研究僧i 提交于 2020-03-01 14:06:30
1. 装箱和拆箱 装箱 就是把“值类型”转换成“引用类型”; 拆箱 就是把“引用类型”转换成“值类型”; 首先,我们要弄明白为什么需要装箱和拆箱。C#的所有类型,包括int、boo等,都继承自System.Object,但是却又有值类型和引用类型之分。这时你要问,int是继承自object类型的,object是引用类型,那为何int不是引用类型而是值类型的呢?这就涉及到装箱和拆箱的概念了。 我们知道对象是创建在堆上的,它的创建和销毁必然带来额外的CPU和内存消耗。如果将int,boo等微小而常用的数据类型都放在堆上创建和销毁,语言的性能将会被极大的限制,有时甚至是无法忍受的。C#将值类型和引用类型分开,值类型直接在栈中被创建,超过作用域后直接销毁。当需要值类型成为对象时,使用装箱操作,让值类型变为一个引用类型的对象。这样,我们就可以使用object作为通用的接口统一语言内的一切类型。 拆箱 在MSDN官方文档里用的是 取消装箱。 事实上拆箱是装箱的逆操作,也就是说我们只对装过箱的引用类型(通常是object对象)进行拆箱操作。单纯拆箱操作的后果无法设想的。 装箱和拆箱是C#的核心概念,C#利用其完成类型系统的统一。有了装箱,任何类型的值都可以视为一个对象。CLR在装箱时是将值类型包装到System.Object的内部,再将其存储到托管堆上。拆箱是从对象中提取值类型

Boxed nullable underlying type can be cast to enum but boxed enum type can't be cast to nullable type

二次信任 提交于 2020-02-01 04:40:06
问题 Boxed nullable underlying type can be cast to enum but boxed enum type can't be cast to nullable type. And similarly, Boxed nullable enum can be cast to underlying type but boxed underlying type can't be cast to nullable enum. Ok, I know "boxed nullable type" is not the best way to describe it, but it's for the sake of the question. I'm aware it's the underlying value type that's getting boxed. I will show it with examples. Assume I have an enum with int as the underlying type. enum Sex {

Does Performing a Null Check on a Generic Cause Boxing? [duplicate]

南楼画角 提交于 2020-01-12 18:50:57
问题 This question already has answers here : Why can I test a generic for null when it may not be nullable or may not be an object? (4 answers) Does a generic function implicitly cast value types to objects when checking for null? (3 answers) Closed 2 years ago . I looked around for this and could not find an answer. Say I have this code: class Command<T> : ICommand<T> { public void Execute(T parameter) { var isNull = parameter == null; // ... } } T could be any class, even a Nullable<> . Does

Does Performing a Null Check on a Generic Cause Boxing? [duplicate]

落爺英雄遲暮 提交于 2020-01-12 18:50:29
问题 This question already has answers here : Why can I test a generic for null when it may not be nullable or may not be an object? (4 answers) Does a generic function implicitly cast value types to objects when checking for null? (3 answers) Closed 2 years ago . I looked around for this and could not find an answer. Say I have this code: class Command<T> : ICommand<T> { public void Execute(T parameter) { var isNull = parameter == null; // ... } } T could be any class, even a Nullable<> . Does

How to implement boxing and unboxing in my own class?

一笑奈何 提交于 2020-01-11 09:26:34
问题 In Java there is no operator overriding like i C++ so I can't figure out how to implement a boxing/unboxing for my own class. For example it's possibile to use boxing and unboxing with Integer or Float when we do somethings like this: int myVar = new Integer(25); But how can I implement something similar in my class MyObject? (in the case I want to wrap a primitive type myself). Is there any code example? 回答1: There is no way to implement auto-boxing and auto-unboxing for a user-defined class

Integer comparison in Java [duplicate]

流过昼夜 提交于 2020-01-11 09:14:13
问题 This question already has answers here : Comparing Integer values in Java, strange behavior (3 answers) Closed 4 years ago . Integer comparison in Java is tricky, in that int and Integer behave differently. I get that part. But, as this example program shows, (Integer)400 (line #4) behaves differently than (Integer)5 (line #3) . Why is this?? import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; import java.io.*; class Ideone { public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception { System.out

Is there Boxing/Unboxing when casting a struct into a generic interface? [duplicate]

依然范特西╮ 提交于 2020-01-10 21:50:07
问题 This question already has answers here : Closed 6 years ago . Possible Duplicate: Structs, Interfaces and Boxing From the MSDN: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yz2be5wk.aspx Boxing is the process of converting a value type to the type object or to any interface type implemented by this value type. But what about generic interfaces? For example, int derives from both IComparable and IComparable<int> . Let's say I have the following code: void foo(IComparable value) { /* etc. */ } void

Is there Boxing/Unboxing when casting a struct into a generic interface? [duplicate]

£可爱£侵袭症+ 提交于 2020-01-10 21:48:47
问题 This question already has answers here : Closed 6 years ago . Possible Duplicate: Structs, Interfaces and Boxing From the MSDN: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yz2be5wk.aspx Boxing is the process of converting a value type to the type object or to any interface type implemented by this value type. But what about generic interfaces? For example, int derives from both IComparable and IComparable<int> . Let's say I have the following code: void foo(IComparable value) { /* etc. */ } void

how to convert byte[] to Byte[], and the other way around?

霸气de小男生 提交于 2020-01-09 04:17:10
问题 How to convert byte[] to Byte[], and also Byte[] to byte[], in the case of not using any 3rd party library? Is there a way to do it fast just using the standard library? 回答1: Byte class is a wrapper for the primitive byte . This should do the work: byte[] bytes = new byte[10]; Byte[] byteObjects = new Byte[bytes.length]; int i=0; // Associating Byte array values with bytes. (byte[] to Byte[]) for(byte b: bytes) byteObjects[i++] = b; // Autoboxing. .... int j=0; // Unboxing Byte values. (Byte[