Dart Multiple Constructors

Question

Is it really not possible to create multiple constructors for a class in dart?

in my Player Class, If I have this constructor

Player(String name, int col         


        

Answer 1

If your class uses final parameters the accepted answer will not work. This does:

class Player {
  final String name;
  final String color;

  Player(this.name, this.color);

  Player.fromPlayer(Player another) :
    color = another.color,
    name = another.name;
}

Answer 2

If you already used a constructor with params in the project and now you figured out that you need some no params default constructor you can add an empty constructor.

class User{
String name;

   User({this.name}); //This you already had before
   User.empty(); //Add this later 
}

Answer 3

Try the below code on DartPad

class MyClass {
  //These two are private attributes
  int _age;
  String _name;

  //This is a public attribute
  String defaultName = "My Default Name!";

  //Default constructor
  MyClass() {
    _age = 0;
    _name = "Anonymous";
  }

  MyClass.copyContructor(MyClass fromMyClass) {
    this._age = fromMyClass._age;
    this._name = fromMyClass._name;
  }

  MyClass.overloadedContructor(String name, int age) {
    this._age = age;
    this._name = name;
  }

  MyClass.overloadedContructorNamedArguemnts({String name, int age}) {
    this._age = age;
    this._name = name;
  }

  //Overriding the toString() method
  String toString() {
    String retVal = "Name:: " + _name + " | " + "Age:: " + _age.toString();
    return retVal;
  }
}

//The execution starts from here..
void main() {
  MyClass myClass1 = new MyClass();

  //Cannot access oprivate attributes
  //print(myClass1.name);
  //print(myClass1.age);

  //Can access the public attribute
  print("Default Name:: " + myClass1.defaultName);

  print(myClass1.toString());

  MyClass myClass2 = new MyClass.copyContructor(myClass1);

  print(myClass2.toString());

  MyClass myClass3 = new MyClass.overloadedContructor("Amit", 42);

  print(myClass3.toString());

  MyClass myClass4 =
      new MyClass.overloadedContructorNamedArguemnts(age: 42, name: "Amit");

  print(myClass4.toString());
}

Answer 4

i had found solution to solve this problem depend on checked the type of data you are passed it to function

Try this Solution

Answer 5

How about the case you want to have more than one constructor. For example, there are 2 constructors you desire to use:

Customer(String name, int age, String location) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
  this.location = location;
}

Customer(this.name, this.age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
}

But if you define both of them in a class, there will be a compiler error.

Dart provides Named constructor that helps you implement multiple constructors with more clarity:

class Customer {
  // ...

  Customer(String name, int age, String location) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.location = location;
  }

  // Named constructor - for multiple constructors
  Customer.withoutLocation(this.name, this.age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  Customer.empty() {
    name = "";
    age = 0;
    location = "";
  }

  @override
  String toString() {
    return "Customer [name=${this.name},age=${this.age},location=${this.location}]";
  }
}

You can write it more simply with Syntactic sugar:

Customer(this.name, this.age, this.location);

Customer.withoutLocation(this.name, this.age);

Customer.empty() {
  name = "";
  age = 0;
  location = "";
}

Now we can create new Customer object by these methods.

var customer = Customer("bezkoder", 26, "US");
print(customer);
// Customer [name=bezkoder,age=26,location=US]

var customer1 = Customer.withoutLocation("zkoder", 26);
print(customer1);
// Customer [name=zkoder,age=26,location=null]

var customer2 = Customer.empty();
print(customer2);
// Customer [name=,age=0,location=]

So, is there any way to make Customer.empty() neat? And how to initialize an empty value for location field when calling Customer.withoutLocation() instead of null?

From : Multiple Constructors

Answer 6

You can only have one unnamed constructor, but you can have any number of additional named constructors

class Player {
  Player(String name, int color) {
    this._color = color;
    this._name = name;
  }

  Player.fromPlayer(Player another) {
    this._color = another.getColor();
    this._name = another.getName();
  }  
}

new Player.fromPlayer(playerOne);

This constructor can be simplified

  Player(String name, int color) {
    this._color = color;
    this._name = name;
  }

to

  Player(this._name, this._color);

Named constructors can also be private by starting the name with _

class Player {
  Player._(this._name, this._color);

  Player._foo();
}

Constructors with final fields initializer list are necessary:

class Player {
  final String name;
  final String color;

  Player(this.name, this.color);

  Player.fromPlayer(Player another) :
    color = another.color,
    name = another.name;
}