I\'ve been looking around for some papers (or info) on this topic.
To avoid a misunderstanding: I\'m not talking about finding a supplied pattern in multiple locations.<
I'm not sure if this is what you're looking for, but I suggest searching for "Texture based segmentation". Take a look at this bibliography, for example: http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/segment366.html
A number of methods come to mind:
I'd start with fourier analysis: Any shape repeating in a regular pattern in the image creates a very distinct spatial frequency spectrum: One major frequency and some harmonics.