nginx unknown directive “upstream”

Question

I\'m using nginx as a proxy server to forward requests onto my gunicorn server. When I run sudo nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mysite I get the following erro

Answer 1

I am using nginx version: nginx/1.4.1 on EC2 Ubuntu. I was getting this error:

nginx: [emerg] "upstream" directive is not allowed here in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

To get my instance running I had to wrap the upstream and server sections in an http { } section. It then complained about missing event section. So I added that as follows:

events { worker_connections 1024; }

It worked fine after those fixes, this is my first effort so I was guessing my way through.

Answer 2

When you tell nginx to load that file directly, it starts at the global context. The upstream directive is only valid in the http context. When that file is included normally by nginx.conf, it is included already inside the http context:

events { }
http {
  include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

You either need to use -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf or make a small wrapper like the above block and nginx -c it.

Answer 3

Turns my nginx config was ok. The problem was with my gunicorn server was not running properly.