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Specify hairline thickness in CSS for printing

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失恋的感觉
失恋的感觉 2021-02-01 23:56

If I have a print CSS styling an element with:

border:1px solid black;

or:

border:0.25pt solid black;

The lin

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  • 自闭症患者
    2021-02-02 00:19

    Nowadays, in 2015, there are a few workarounds to produce hairlines with HTML5 and CSS3, e.g. for printing or on high res screens:

    1. SVG (i.e., by assigning a path stroke-width: .5)
    2. linear gradient backgrounds
    3. 2D transforms: scaling

    The scaling approach is described in detail in this article. It boils down to this:

    hr.thin {
    height: 1px;
    border-top: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid black;
    transform: scaleY(0.33);
}

    The linear gradient method works along these lines (pun intended, in detail here):

    hr.hairline {
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(
        transparent 0%, 
        transparent 50%, 
        black 50%, 
        black 100%);
}

    To simplify things, I have used a 1px <hr> element as an example. But by scaling all styles within an element, or with multiple backgrounds respectively, both solutions may be expanded to work as a border on all four sides of an element.

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  • 伪装坚强ぢ
    2021-02-02 00:21

    Thanks for your help. It would seem that browsers are just useless in this respect.

    I've done some more testing and the conclusion seems to be:

    • No browser is any good at printing point sizes.
    • You can't assume users will see a width less than 1.25pt on a prinout.

    I tested variations of the following web page, adjusting the border point size each time. I printed with 'fit to page' turned off.

    <html>
  <body style="width:17cm; background-color:rgb(245,245,245);">
    <div style="border:0.3pt solid black; width:100%; height:20cm">IE 0.3pt</div>
  </body>
</html>

    These are the results of the minimum printable point size and what it looks like compared to a printout of lines from InDesign. I've included a few other notes, too:

    FF: 0.25pt, looks like 1.25pt. DIV width looks like it is 17cm, but because of FF's massive print margins the right-hand border gets cut off. It seems 16.5cm is the largest usable width. The BODY height fits the height of the page.

    Safari 5: 0.75pt, looks like 1pt. DIV width is 18.2cm and BODY width is 19.5cm - Safari appears to be fitting to page even though there's no indication that it would do this. The BODY height finishes shortly after the DIV height.

    Opera 11: 0.4pt, looks like 0.75pt. DIV width is 16.2cm and the BODY background only appears within the div - although the line of text, appears on a white background

    IE7: 0.4pt, looks like 0.5pt (as does 0.5pt). As with FF, DIV width looks like it is 17cm, but because of IE's massive print margins the right-hand border gets cut off.

    IE9: 0.1 works (and possibly lower), but still looks like 0.5pt. Otherwise same as IE7.

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  • 醉话见心
    2021-02-02 00:26

    Problem might be in browser rescaling the page (at least IE used to do it when printing), but as I tested it now in Opera (no rescale), line still isn't really thin as hairline. However, I am always using this to achieve thin border effect:

    p {
  border: 0.4pt solid #CCC;
}

    This will create very light gray border. As Barry Kaye has proposed, you can also make it dotted to look thinner.

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  • 有刺的猬
    2021-02-02 00:33

    I have found using a thickness of dotted instead of solid has helped in some print scenarios and renders as more of a thinner (hair) line than dots.

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  • 失恋的感觉
    2021-02-02 00:37

    I suggest to use a tool which converts the HTML document to a PDF first. Then you can print the PDF and get consistent results. Wkhtmltopdf is very good for that because it's based on the most standard compliant web rendering engine.

    When using wkhtmltopdf you can set the zoom to a value above 1 to get thinner lines. Set the line width to something like 0.25pt and use the following command.

    wkhtmltopdf -T 0 -B 0 -L 0 -R 0 -s A4 --zoom 10 <URL> <output filename>

    Now you get really thin lines. When you specify a higher zoom value the rendering is more precise and looks therefore slightly different.

    To get the best results use the following units: mm, cm and pt instead of px.

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  • 梦谈多话
    2021-02-02 00:39

    I found B.Martin's answer most useful. Here's what I can add to it:

    Theory

    Physically the width of a hair (hairwidth) is between 17 and 181 microns. That is 0.02 to 0.2 mm or 0.05 to 0.5 pt.

    So making lines narrower than 0.1pt doesn't make much sense since eye might not see them.

    CorelDraw's hairline is 0.23pt or 81 micron.

    Practice

    In fact, wkhtmltopdf tool is handy for creating thin lines. I've managed to acheive the following widths:

    • 0.1pt with zoom factor of 8
    • 0.2pt with zoom factor of 4 (which is more practical since a4 is zoomed to a common size a0 in this case)

    I didn't measure the real width of the line but it looks pretty much the same as 'hairline' of my CorelDraw.

    NB Changing the width from 0.1pt to 0.15pt (zoom=8) or from 0.2pt to 0.3pt (zoom=4) doesn't change the resulting line width, at least visually.

    So, what I've come with is:

    wkhtmltopdf -s A0 --zoom 4 <input filename> <output filename>

    gives a pretty A0-sized page which can be automatically scaled back to A4 when printing - no hairwidth lines are lost on this stage as well.

    Update: I've finally managed to measure it using an Acrobat plugin: original 0.3pt line after -s A0 --zoom 4 becomes 0.6pt on a0 (that is 0.15pt after downsizing) which is quite enough of a hairline for me.

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