Apply a function to all the elements of a data frame

Question

I am trying to apply some transformations to all the elements in a dataframe.

When using the regular apply functions, I get a matrix back and not a dataframe. Is there a

Answer 1

Here's a way using dplyr:

library(dplyr)
df  %>% mutate_each(funs(tolower))

Answer 2

We can use lapply and assign it back to 'df'

df[] <- lapply(df, tolower)

The [] preserves the same structure as the original dataset. Using apply convert it to a matrix and that is not recommended.