Is there any difference between using multiple if statements and else if statements?

Question

This question pertains specifically to shell scripts, but could be about any programming language.

Is there any difference between using multiple if stateme

Answer 1

if (x == 0) {
    // 1
}


if (x >= 0) {
    // 2
}

if (x <= 0) {
    // 3
}

Above code will produce different value than the code below for x=0.

if (x == 0) {
    // 1
} else if (x >= 0) {
    // 2
} else {
   // 3
}

In the first case all the statements 1, 2, and 3 will be executed for x = 0. In the second case only statements 1 will be.

Answer 2

When you have multiple if statements, each is evaluated separately, and if the conditions are right, the code in all of them might be executed. If you have if / elif statement, the second condition would be evaluated only after particular result of the evaluation of the first condition.

Consider this pseudocode:

If (cond A) { action 1}
If (cond B) { action 2}

If both cond A and cond B are true, both actions will execute.

On the other hand, this pseudocode:

If (cond A) {action 1}
Elif (cond B) {action 2}

Only one of the two actions (or neither) will be executed, no matter how both conditions evaluate.

Answer 3

It has to do with efficiency and your needs. If statements are executed independent of one another; each one will run. Else if statements only execute if the previous ifs fail.

Answer 4

Yes, potentially. Consider this (C#, Java, whatever):

int x = GetValueFromSomewhere();

if (x == 0)
{
    // Something
    x = 1;
}
else if (x == 1)
{
    // Something else...
}

vs this:

int x = GetValueFromSomewhere();

if (x == 0)
{
    // Something
    x = 1;
}
if (x == 1)
{
    // Something else...
}

In the first case, only one of "Something" or "Something else..." will occur. In the second case, the side-effects of the first block make the condition in the second block true.

Then for another example, the conditions may not be mutually exclusive to start with:

int x = ...;

if (x < 10)
{
    ...
} 
else if (x < 100)
{
    ...
}
else if (x < 1000)
{
    ...
}

If you get rid of the "else" here, then as soon as one condition has matched, the rest will too.