Can I call javascript function from MVC controller action (not from view page) and get return value? How?
I need to make request to server
The usual/standard way in MVC is that you should put/call your all display, UI, CSS and Javascript in View, however there is no rule to it, you can call it in the Controller as well if you manage to do so (something i don't see the possibility of).
There are ways you can mimic this by having your controller return a piece of data, which your view can then translate into a JavaScript call.
We do something like this to allow people to use RESTful URLs to share their jquery-rendered workspace view.
In our case we pass a list of components which need to be rendered and use Razor to translate these back into jquery calls.
Yes, it is definitely possible using Javascript Result:
return JavaScript("Callback()");
Javascript should be referenced by your view:
function Callback(){
// do something where you can call an action method in controller to pass some data via AJAX() request
}