Yes, this is a topic of research and there is some progress that has been made.
For example, the author of "language-detection" at http://code.google.com/p/language-detection/ has created new profiles for short messages. Currently, it supports 17 languages.
I have compared it with Bing Language Detector on a collection of about 500 tweets which are mostly in English and Spanish. The accuracy is as follows:
Bing = 71.97%
Language-Detection Tool with new profiles = 89.75%
For more information, you can check his blog out:
http://shuyo.wordpress.com/2011/11/28/language-detection-supported-17-language-profiles-for-short-messages/