The windows Application Programming Interface functions are all the functions that interact with the windows operating system. These functions are defined in dynamical linked libraries, .dll files in c:\windows\system32\ *.dll
contains functions for interacting with buttons and windows on screen
interacts with the mouse and keyboard inputs
graphical drawing functions
interacts with kernel processes and threads and for example the system beep
For some examples directly imported from the dll's, see { c# examples } OpenAPI on GitHub and { VB.net examples } Andrea VB Programming
The windows API is documented on
PInvoke.net - A wiki for .NET developers