How to join only one row in joined table with postgres?

Question

I have the following schema:

CREATE TABLE author (
    id   integer
  , name varchar(255)
);
CREATE TABLE book (
    id        integer
  , author_id integer
  ,          


        

Answer 1

This may look archaic and overly simple, but it does not depend on window functions, CTE's and aggregating subqueries. In most cases it is also the fastest.

SELECT bk.id, au.id, au.name, bk.title as last_book
FROM author au
JOIN book bk ON bk.author_id = au.id
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT *
    FROM book nx
    WHERE nx.author_id = bk.author_id
    AND nx.book_id > bk.book_id
    )
ORDER BY book.id ASC
    ;

Answer 2

As a slight variation on @wildplasser's suggestion, which still works across implementations, you can use max rather than not exists. This reads better if you like short joins better than long where clauses

select * 
  from author au
  join (
    select max(id) as max_id, author_id
      from book bk
     group by author_id) as lb 
    on lb.author_id = au.id
  join bk 
    on bk.id = lb.max_id;

or, to give a name to the subquery, which clarifies things, go with WITH

with last_book as 
   (select max(id) as max_id, author_id
      from book bk
     group by author_id)

select * 
  from author au
  join last_book lb
    on au.id = lb.author_id
  join bk 
    on bk.id = lb.max_id;

Answer 3

I've done something similar for a chat system, where room holds the metadata and list contains the messages. I ended up using the Postgresql LATERAL JOIN which worked like a charm.

SELECT MR.id AS room_id, MR.created_at AS room_created, 
    lastmess.content as lastmessage_content, lastmess.datetime as lastmessage_when
FROM message.room MR
    LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
        SELECT content, datetime
        FROM message.list
        WHERE room_id = MR.id
        ORDER BY datetime DESC 
        LIMIT 1) lastmess ON true
ORDER BY lastmessage_when DESC NULLS LAST, MR.created_at DESC

For more info see https://heap.io/blog/engineering/postgresqls-powerful-new-join-type-lateral

Answer 4

select distinct on (author.id)
    book.id, author.id, author.name, book.title as last_book
from
    author
    inner join
    book on book.author_id = author.id
order by author.id, book.id desc

Check distinct on

SELECT DISTINCT ON ( expression [, ...] ) keeps only the first row of each set of rows where the given expressions evaluate to equal. The DISTINCT ON expressions are interpreted using the same rules as for ORDER BY (see above). Note that the "first row" of each set is unpredictable unless ORDER BY is used to ensure that the desired row appears first.

With distinct on it is necessary to include the "distinct" columns in the order by. If that is not the order you want then you need to wrap the query and reorder

select 
    *
from (
    select distinct on (author.id)
        book.id, author.id, author.name, book.title as last_book
    from
        author
        inner join
        book on book.author_id = author.id
    order by author.id, book.id desc
) authors_with_first_book
order by authors_with_first_book.name

Another solution is to use a window function as in Lennart's answer. And another very generic one is this

select 
    book.id, author.id, author.name, book.title as last_book
from
    book
    inner join
    (
        select author.id as author_id, max(book.id) as book_id
        from
            author
            inner join
            book on author.id = book.author_id
        group by author.id
    ) s
    on s.book_id = book.id
    inner join
    author on book.author_id = author.id

Answer 5

You could add a rule into the join for specifying only one row. I had work for me.

Like this:

SELECT 
    book.id, 
    author.id, 
    author.name, 
    book.title as last_book
FROM author auth1
JOIN book book ON (book.author_id = auth1.id AND book.id = (select max(b.id) from book b where b.author_id = auth1))
GROUP BY auth1.id
ORDER BY book.id ASC

This way you get the data from the book with the higher ID. You could add "date" and make the same with the max(date).

Answer 6

create temp table book_1 as (
SELECT
id
,title
,author_id
,row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY id) as rownum 
FROM
book)  distributed by ( id );

select author.id,b.id, author.id, author.name, b.title as last_book
from
    author

    left  join
   (select * from  book_1 where rownum = 1 ) b on b.author_id = author.id
order by author.id, b.id desc