Many people at SO adviced to dive into Java concurrency by reading Java Concurrency in Practice (JCIP), sometimes Doug Lea\'s book of 1999 is mentioned as well:
I dont know any books that offer better examples then JCiP. Lea's book of 1999 is a great read for understanding the primitives that were written for java 5. However, I asked Doug what book he recommends to read and he suggested The Art of Multiprocessor Programming. All examples that are available are written in Java (though there is some pseudo code).
Alot of 1.6 concurrency implelemntations (skip list algorithm for one) is written based on this book. Its a great read for how to correctly implement complicated algorithms.
here is a summary of the book with examples for your quick reference: https://blogs.oracle.com/carolmcdonald/entry/some_concurrency_tips, http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/core-java-concurrency
here are few more examples: http://www.vogella.de/articles/JavaConcurrency/article.html