I want to be able to have two instances which are completely independent in the sense that I can be working on two separate unrelated projects in different folders without any i
(Spyder dev here) This is very easy. You need to go to:
Tools > Preferences > General
and click "Advanced Settings" tab, and deactivate the option called
[ ] Use a single instance
Then every time you start Spyder a new window will be opened. If you want the old behavior back, just activate that option again.
You can use the --new-instance option as well. Just run
spyder --new-instance
Although clicking on the Spyder icon will not allow you to open two instances, you can open a second instance by simply going to the folder where spyder.py is and running spyder.py from the command line.
Further, you could make an icon for your desktop that simply runs spyder.py from its location. However, I don't know how multiple instances will affect user preferences if Spyder has those.