I have to disagree with the previous two answers who recommend the famous "K&R" guide. I was completely unable to learn anything from that book; I simply gave up after reading the first third of the book about three times. Maybe I'm just dumb.
I suggest, instead, this wonderful book: C Programming: A Modern Approach (disclaimer: amazon link)
I've learned everything I need to know about C from that book, and it covers the history as much as needs to be done, while still keeping a "modern" point of view.
Caveat: I didn't come to C "for C", I passed through it on the way to my eventual goal, Objective-C and Cocoa programming for desktop applications on Apple's Mac OS X. If you really want a very deep knoweldge of C, it may not hurt to get both of the above-mentioned books, and read the K&R guide after reading Modern C