Advent of Code posts new problems every year starting on Dec 1. The problems have a Christmas-themed story, involving Santa Claus and his elves. There are leader boards so you can compete with your friends. You can also revisit previous years problems and solve them.
Project Euler has almost 400 programming puzzles. There are no frameworks, but the first few puzzles are simple enough that this shouldn't be a problem.
TopCoder Is an online coding competition site. You can open past problems in their competition arena applet for practice. All you need to do is write the one function described in the problem. However, the problems have a wide range of difficulty. Even the easiest ones are more difficult than the beginning ones at Project Euler.