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Can emacs re-indent a big blob of HTML for me?

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生来不讨喜
生来不讨喜 2021-01-29 20:09

When editing HTML in emacs, is there a way to automatically pretty-format a blob of markup, changing something like this:

  

  

         


        
                      

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                  执笔经年        
                
              
    
                            
    
                2021-01-29 20:55
              
    
            
    
            
    
                                                                       

    The easiest way to do it is via command line.
    


      

    • Make sure you have tidy installed
      • 

    • type tidy -i -m <<file_name>>
      • 

    


    Note that -m option replaces the newly tidied file with the old one. If you don't want that, you can type tidy -i -o <<tidied_file_name>> <<untidied_file_name>>
    


    The -i is for indentation. Alternatively, you can create a .tidyrc file that has settings such as 
    


    indent: auto
indent-spaces: 2
wrap: 72
markup: yes
output-xml: no
input-xml: no
show-warnings: yes
numeric-entities: yes
quote-marks: yes
quote-nbsp: yes
quote-ampersand: no
break-before-br: no
uppercase-tags: no
uppercase-attributes: no

    


    This way all you have to do is type tidy -o <<tidied_file_name>> <<untidied_file_name>>.
    


    For more just type man tidy on the command line. 
    
                                                                        
    
                                                        
    
            
    
            
    
              
                
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                  渐次进展        
                
              
    
                            
    
                2021-01-29 20:56
              
    
            
    
            
    
                                                                       

    By default, when you visit a .html file in Emacs (22 or 23), it will put you in html-mode.  That is probably not what you want.  You probably want nxml-mode, which is seriously fancy. nxml-mode seems to only come with Emacs 23, although you can download it for earlier versions of emacs from the nXML web site.  There is also a Debian and Ubuntu package named nxml-mode.  You can enter nxml-mode with:
    


    M-x nxml-mode

    


    You can view nxml mode documentation with:
    


    C-h i g (nxml-mode) RET

    


    All that being said, you will probably have to use something like Tidy to re-format your xhtml example.  nxml-mode will get you from
    


    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head></head>
<body>
<table>
  <tr>
<td>blah</td></tr></table>
</body>

    


    to
    


    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head></head>
  <body>
    <table>
      <tr>
    <td>blah</td></tr></table>
</body>
</html>

    


    but I don't see a more general facility to do line breaks on certain xml tags as you want.  Note that C-j will insert a new line with proper indentation, so you may be able to do a quick macro or hack up a defun that will do your tables.
    
                                                                        
    
                                                        
    
            
    
            
    
              
                
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                  栀梦        
                
              
    
                            
    
                2021-01-29 20:56
              
    
            
    
            
    
                                                                       

    This question is quite old, but I wasn't really happy with the various answers. A simple way to re-indent an HTML file, given that you are running a relatively newer version of emacs (I am running 24.4.1) is to:
    


      

    • open the file in emacs
      • 

    • mark the entire file with C-x h (note: if you would like to see what is being marked, add (setq transient-mark-mode t) to your .emacs file)
      • 

    • execute M-x indent-region
      • 

    


    What's nice about this method is that it does not require any plugins (Conway's suggestion), it does not require a replace regexp (nevcx's suggestion), nor does it require switching modes (jfm3's suggestion). Jay's suggestion is in the right direction — in general, executing C-M-q will indent according to a mode's rules — for example, C-M-q works, in my experience, in js-mode and in several other modes. But neither html-mode nor nxml-mode do not seem to implement C-M-q. 
    
                                                                        
    
                                                        
    
            
    
            
    
              
                
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                  清酒与你        
                
              
    
                            
    
                2021-01-29 21:01
              
    
            
    
            
    
                                                                       

    You can pipe a region to xmllint (if you have it) using:
    


    M-|
Shell command on region: xmllint --format -

    


    The result will end up in a new buffer.
    


    I do this with XML, and it works, though I believe xmllint needs certain other options to work with HTML or other not-perfect XML.  nxml-mode will tell you if you have a well-formed document.
    
                                                                        
    
                                                        
    
            
    
            
    
              
                
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