There's a very straightforward web based solution over at ISBNDB.com that you may want to look at.
Edit: Updated API documentation link, now there's version 2 available as well
Link to prices and tiers here
You can be up and running in just a few minutes (these examples are from API v1):
The results=details gets additional details including the card catalog number.
As an aside, generally the barcode is the isbn in either isbn10 or isbn13. You just have to delete the last 5 numbers if you are using a scanner and you pick up 18 numbers.
Here's a sample response:
<ISBNdb server_time="2008-09-21T00:08:57Z">
<BookList total_results="1" page_size="10" page_number="1" shown_results="1">
<BookData book_id="the_joy_luck_club_a12" isbn="0143038095">
<Title>The Joy Luck Club</Title>
<TitleLong/>
<AuthorsText>Amy Tan, </AuthorsText>
<PublisherText publisher_id="penguin_non_classics">Penguin (Non-Classics)</PublisherText>
<Details dewey_decimal="813.54" physical_description_text="288 pages" language="" edition_info="Paperback; 2006-09-21" dewey_decimal_normalized="813.54" lcc_number="" change_time="2006-12-11T06:26:55Z" price_time="2008-09-20T23:51:33Z"/>
</BookData>
</BookList>
</ISBNdb>