variable binding inside an object

Question

in this code below:

var a = 1;
var boat = { a:2, 
             innerBoat: {a:3, 
                        print(){console.log(a);},
                        },
            


        

Answer 1

In javascript, an object really is nothing more than a collection of data, like a dictionary in many other languages.

var boat = new Object(); just creates an empty object, as if you did var boat = {};

If you're looking for something more like , you may try using ES6 classes

var a = 0
class Boat {
  constructor() {
    this.a = 1;
  }
  print() {
    console.log(this.a);
  }
}
var boat = new Boat()
boat.print();  //output: 2

Answer 2

i don't understand why console.log(a); in print method returns the value 1.

It logs the value of the variable a.

The properties of the various objects around it which also have the name a are not variables. They can only be referenced as properties of an object.

const a = 1;
const object = {
    a: 2
};

console.log(a);
console.log(object.a)

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See also How does the “this” keyword work? for how to access the property of an object that the method you are calling is attached to.

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Also, does the curly braces {} of the object referenced by boat creates a new private execution context in the stack at runtime ?

No.