Python: Finding user id and moving directories (Windows)

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不知归路 2021-01-27 11:37

What I\'m trying to accomplish is to have my program move itself from the folder it\'s currently in, to another folder. In this case, Videos. This is the code:

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  • 2021-01-27 12:13
    os.rename("$s/userid.py", "%s/Videos/userid.py")  % ('os.getcwd()', '%userid')
    

    %userid will only give you userid, you need to specify the full path. Also note $s you have used, it should instead be %s.

    Please note both the directories should exist beforehand. While the file in the destination directory shouldn't.

    Also you can use the shutil.move() for the same.

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  • 2021-01-27 12:19

    The location of special folders can be queried by calling SHGetKnownFolderPath with a KNOWNFOLDERID constant. This function was introduced in Windows Vista.

    The following module defines the helper function get_known_folder_path as well as several of the commonly used KNOWNFOLDERID constants. If PyWin32 is installed, it also defines get_known_folder_id_list and list_known_folder, which allows listing virtual folders such as the apps folder.

    knownfolders.py:

    import ctypes
    from ctypes import wintypes
    
    __all__ = ['FOLDERID', 'get_known_folder_path']
    
    _ole32 = ctypes.OleDLL('ole32')
    _shell32 = ctypes.OleDLL('shell32')
    
    class GUID(ctypes.Structure):
        _fields_ = (('Data1', ctypes.c_ulong),
                    ('Data2', ctypes.c_ushort),
                    ('Data3', ctypes.c_ushort),
                    ('Data4', ctypes.c_char * 8))
        def __init__(self, guid_string):
            _ole32.IIDFromString(guid_string, ctypes.byref(self))
    
    REFKNOWNFOLDERID = LPIID = ctypes.POINTER(GUID)
    
    _ole32.IIDFromString.argtypes = (
        wintypes.LPCWSTR, # lpsz,
        LPIID)            # lpiid
    
    _ole32.CoTaskMemFree.restype = None
    _ole32.CoTaskMemFree.argtypes = (wintypes.LPVOID,)
    
    _shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath.argtypes = (
        REFKNOWNFOLDERID, # rfid
        wintypes.DWORD,   # dwFlags
        wintypes.HANDLE,  # hToken
        ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)) # ppszPath
    
    def get_known_folder_path(folder_id, htoken=None):
        pszPath = wintypes.LPWSTR()
        _shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath(ctypes.byref(folder_id),
                                      0, htoken, ctypes.byref(pszPath))
        folder_path = pszPath.value
        _ole32.CoTaskMemFree(pszPath)
        return folder_path
    
    try:
        from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
    except ImportError:
        pass
    else:
        __all__ += ['get_known_folder_id_list', 'list_known_folder']
    
        PPITEMIDLIST = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)
    
        _shell32.SHGetKnownFolderIDList.argtypes = (
            REFKNOWNFOLDERID, # rfid
            wintypes.DWORD,   # dwFlags
            wintypes.HANDLE,  # hToken
            PPITEMIDLIST)     # ppidl
    
        def get_known_folder_id_list(folder_id, htoken=None):
            pidl = ctypes.c_void_p()
            _shell32.SHGetKnownFolderIDList(ctypes.byref(folder_id),
                                            0, htoken, ctypes.byref(pidl))
            folder_id_list = shell.AddressAsPIDL(pidl.value)
            _ole32.CoTaskMemFree(pidl)
            return folder_id_list
    
        def list_known_folder(folder_id, htoken=None):
            result = []
            pidl = get_known_folder_id_list(folder_id, htoken)
            shell_item = shell.SHCreateShellItem(None, None, pidl)
            shell_enum = shell_item.BindToHandler(None, shell.BHID_EnumItems,
                shell.IID_IEnumShellItems)
            for item in shell_enum:
                result.append(item.GetDisplayName(shellcon.SIGDN_NORMALDISPLAY))
            result.sort(key=lambda x: x.upper())
            return result
    
    # KNOWNFOLDERID
    # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd378457
    
    # fixed
    FOLDERID_Windows         = GUID('{F38BF404-1D43-42F2-9305-67DE0B28FC23}')
    FOLDERID_System          = GUID('{1AC14E77-02E7-4E5D-B744-2EB1AE5198B7}')
    FOLDERID_SystemX86       = GUID('{D65231B0-B2F1-4857-A4CE-A8E7C6EA7D27}')
    FOLDERID_Fonts           = GUID('{FD228CB7-AE11-4AE3-864C-16F3910AB8FE}')
    FOLDERID_ResourceDir     = GUID('{8AD10C31-2ADB-4296-A8F7-E4701232C972}')
    FOLDERID_UserProfiles    = GUID('{0762D272-C50A-4BB0-A382-697DCD729B80}')
    FOLDERID_Profile         = GUID('{5E6C858F-0E22-4760-9AFE-EA3317B67173}')
    FOLDERID_Public          = GUID('{DFDF76A2-C82A-4D63-906A-5644AC457385}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramData     = GUID('{62AB5D82-FDC1-4DC3-A9DD-070D1D495D97}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramFiles    = GUID('{905e63b6-c1bf-494e-b29c-65b732d3d21a}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX64 = GUID('{6D809377-6AF0-444b-8957-A3773F02200E}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX86 = GUID('{7C5A40EF-A0FB-4BFC-874A-C0F2E0B9FA8E}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommon    = GUID('{F7F1ED05-9F6D-47A2-AAAE-29D317C6F066}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX64 = GUID('{6365D5A7-0F0D-45E5-87F6-0DA56B6A4F7D}')
    FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX86 = GUID('{DE974D24-D9C6-4D3E-BF91-F4455120B917}')
    
    # common
    FOLDERID_PublicDesktop   = GUID('{C4AA340D-F20F-4863-AFEF-F87EF2E6BA25}')
    FOLDERID_PublicDocuments = GUID('{ED4824AF-DCE4-45A8-81E2-FC7965083634}')
    FOLDERID_PublicDownloads = GUID('{3D644C9B-1FB8-4f30-9B45-F670235F79C0}')
    FOLDERID_PublicMusic     = GUID('{3214FAB5-9757-4298-BB61-92A9DEAA44FF}')
    FOLDERID_PublicPictures  = GUID('{B6EBFB86-6907-413C-9AF7-4FC2ABF07CC5}')
    FOLDERID_PublicVideos    = GUID('{2400183A-6185-49FB-A2D8-4A392A602BA3}')
    FOLDERID_CommonStartMenu = GUID('{A4115719-D62E-491D-AA7C-E74B8BE3B067}')
    FOLDERID_CommonPrograms  = GUID('{0139D44E-6AFE-49F2-8690-3DAFCAE6FFB8}')
    FOLDERID_CommonStartup   = GUID('{82A5EA35-D9CD-47C5-9629-E15D2F714E6E}')
    FOLDERID_CommonTemplates = GUID('{B94237E7-57AC-4347-9151-B08C6C32D1F7}')
    
    # peruser
    FOLDERID_Desktop          = GUID('{B4BFCC3A-DB2C-424C-B029-7FE99A87C641}')
    FOLDERID_Documents        = GUID('{FDD39AD0-238F-46AF-ADB4-6C85480369C7}')
    FOLDERID_Downloads        = GUID('{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}')
    FOLDERID_Music            = GUID('{4BD8D571-6D19-48D3-BE97-422220080E43}')
    FOLDERID_Pictures         = GUID('{33E28130-4E1E-4676-835A-98395C3BC3BB}')
    FOLDERID_Videos           = GUID('{18989B1D-99B5-455B-841C-AB7C74E4DDFC}')
    FOLDERID_LocalAppData     = GUID('{F1B32785-6FBA-4FCF-9D55-7B8E7F157091}')
    FOLDERID_LocalAppDataLow  = GUID('{A520A1A4-1780-4FF6-BD18-167343C5AF16}')
    FOLDERID_RoamingAppData   = GUID('{3EB685DB-65F9-4CF6-A03A-E3EF65729F3D}')
    FOLDERID_StartMenu        = GUID('{625B53C3-AB48-4EC1-BA1F-A1EF4146FC19}')
    FOLDERID_Programs         = GUID('{A77F5D77-2E2B-44C3-A6A2-ABA601054A51}')
    FOLDERID_Startup          = GUID('{B97D20BB-F46A-4C97-BA10-5E3608430854}')
    FOLDERID_Templates        = GUID('{A63293E8-664E-48DB-A079-DF759E0509F7}')
    FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles = GUID('{5CD7AEE2-2219-4A67-B85D-6C9CE15660CB}')
    
    # virtual
    FOLDERID_AppsFolder       = GUID('{1e87508d-89c2-42f0-8a7e-645a0f50ca58}')
    
    # win32com defines most of these, except the ones added in Windows 8.
    FOLDERID_AccountPictures  = GUID('{008ca0b1-55b4-4c56-b8a8-4de4b299d3be}')
    FOLDERID_CameraRoll       = GUID('{AB5FB87B-7CE2-4F83-915D-550846C9537B}')
    FOLDERID_PublicUserTiles  = GUID('{0482af6c-08f1-4c34-8c90-e17ec98b1e17}')
    FOLDERID_RoamedTileImages = GUID('{AAA8D5A5-F1D6-4259-BAA8-78E7EF60835E}')
    FOLDERID_RoamingTiles     = GUID('{00BCFC5A-ED94-4e48-96A1-3F6217F21990}')
    FOLDERID_Screenshots      = GUID('{b7bede81-df94-4682-a7d8-57a52620b86f}')
    FOLDERID_SearchHistory    = GUID('{0D4C3DB6-03A3-462F-A0E6-08924C41B5D4}')
    FOLDERID_SearchTemplates  = GUID('{7E636BFE-DFA9-4D5E-B456-D7B39851D8A9}')
    FOLDERID_ApplicationShortcuts = GUID('{A3918781-E5F2-4890-B3D9-A7E54332328C}')
    FOLDERID_HomeGroupCurrentUser = GUID('{9B74B6A3-0DFD-4f11-9E78-5F7800F2E772}')
    FOLDERID_SkyDrive             = GUID('{A52BBA46-E9E1-435f-B3D9-28DAA648C0F6}')
    FOLDERID_SkyDriveCameraRoll   = GUID('{767E6811-49CB-4273-87C2-20F355E1085B}')
    FOLDERID_SkyDriveDocuments    = GUID('{24D89E24-2F19-4534-9DDE-6A6671FBB8FE}')
    FOLDERID_SkyDrivePictures     = GUID('{339719B5-8C47-4894-94C2-D8F77ADD44A6}')
    
    class SimpleNamespace(object):
        def __init__(self, **kwds):
            vars(self).update(kwds)
        def __dir__(self):
            return [x for x in sorted(vars(self)) if not x.startswith('__')]
    
    FOLDERID = SimpleNamespace(
        # fixed
        Windows = FOLDERID_Windows,
        System = FOLDERID_System,
        SystemX86 = FOLDERID_SystemX86,
        Fonts = FOLDERID_Fonts,
        ResourceDir = FOLDERID_ResourceDir,
        UserProfiles = FOLDERID_UserProfiles,
        Profile = FOLDERID_Profile,
        Public = FOLDERID_Public,
        ProgramData = FOLDERID_ProgramData,
        ProgramFiles = FOLDERID_ProgramFiles,
        ProgramFilesX64 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX64,
        ProgramFilesX86 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX86,
        ProgramFilesCommon = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommon,
        ProgramFilesCommonX64 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX64,
        ProgramFilesCommonX86 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX86,
        # common
        PublicDesktop=FOLDERID_PublicDesktop,
        PublicDocuments=FOLDERID_PublicDocuments,
        PublicDownloads=FOLDERID_PublicDownloads,
        PublicMusic=FOLDERID_PublicMusic,
        PublicPictures=FOLDERID_PublicPictures,
        PublicVideos=FOLDERID_PublicVideos,
        CommonStartMenu=FOLDERID_CommonStartMenu,
        CommonPrograms=FOLDERID_CommonPrograms,
        CommonStartup=FOLDERID_CommonStartup,
        CommonTemplates=FOLDERID_CommonTemplates,
        # user
        Desktop=FOLDERID_Desktop,
        Documents=FOLDERID_Documents,
        Downloads=FOLDERID_Downloads,
        Music=FOLDERID_Music,
        Pictures=FOLDERID_Pictures,
        Videos=FOLDERID_Videos,
        LocalAppData=FOLDERID_LocalAppData,
        LocalAppDataLow=FOLDERID_LocalAppDataLow,
        RoamingAppData=FOLDERID_RoamingAppData,
        StartMenu=FOLDERID_StartMenu,
        Programs=FOLDERID_Programs,
        Startup=FOLDERID_Startup,
        Templates=FOLDERID_Templates,
        UserProgramFiles=FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles,
        # virtual
        AppsFolder=FOLDERID_AppsFolder,
        AccountPictures=FOLDERID_AccountPictures,
        CameraRoll=FOLDERID_CameraRoll,
        PublicUserTiles=FOLDERID_PublicUserTiles,
        RoamedTileImages=FOLDERID_RoamedTileImages,
        RoamingTiles=FOLDERID_RoamingTiles,
        Screenshots=FOLDERID_Screenshots,
        SearchHistory=FOLDERID_SearchHistory,
        SearchTemplates=FOLDERID_SearchTemplates,
        ApplicationShortcuts=FOLDERID_ApplicationShortcuts,
        HomeGroupCurrentUser=FOLDERID_HomeGroupCurrentUser,
        SkyDrive=FOLDERID_SkyDrive,
        SkyDriveCameraRoll=FOLDERID_SkyDriveCameraRoll,
        SkyDriveDocuments=FOLDERID_SkyDriveDocuments,
        SkyDrivePictures=FOLDERID_SkyDrivePictures,
    )
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        for fid in dir(FOLDERID):
            try:
                path = get_known_folder_path(getattr(FOLDERID, fid))
                print("%s = %s" % (fid, path))
            except OSError:
                pass
    

    Example:

    import os
    import shutil
    from knownfolders import *
    
    all_users = True
    
    filename = 'userid.py'
    module_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    
    if all_users:
        startup_path = get_known_folder_path(FOLDERID.CommonStartup)
    else:
        startup_path = get_known_folder_path(FOLDERID.Startup)
    
    src = os.path.join(module_path, filename)
    dst = os.path.join(startup_path, filename)
    
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
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