In say, mobile Safari, can I get the device\'s phone number? Presumably this would prompt the user if its allowed like it does with location.
It is possible in some cases that the number is sent through in a header from the network operator themselves. (i.e. you won't see it via wifi)
Different operators use different headers:
e.g.
X-UP-CALLING-LINE-ID
(Vodacom South Africa)x-up-subno
(Google Adsense's Mobile code snippet looks at this amongst others)Some Device ID headers that might contain the MSIDSN of the user.
x-dcmguid
x-up-subno
x-jphone-uid
x-em-uid
There are a bunch more here: http://mobiforge.com/developing/blog/useful-x-headers
You will have to look at your target market (what network they typically come from) to know which headers will cover the most users for you.