First of all, please put aside notions of \"Your application shouldn\'t do this\". This is exactly what the people purchasing this software will be expecting.
How can I,
Any solution to this is going to get really hairy because of two things: 1. Any application can change the cursor to anything else on its own 2. Cursors are at most 32x32 pixels
If an application changes the cursor to something that is 32x32 pixels, there's no way to make that any larger.
The Extra Large cursors are just just using more of the 32x32 pixels a cursor can use. The default ones are just using the top-left more-or-less quadrant of the 32x32.
You might be able to constantly Retrieve the current cursor using http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms648388(v=vs.85).aspx
and then paint ontop of all windows that cursor doubled in size by stretching the image, then set the cursor to some empty cursor file. This is horribly hacky and will likely cause tons of flickering and compatibility problems.