Does PhantomJS (CasperJS) use WebKit or Chromium as default browser-driver? If WebKit, is it direct WebKit or qt or gtk?
PhantomJS is based on QtWebKit.
The FAQ says:
Q: Which WebKit version is used by PhantomJS?
A: If you want to know HTML5/CSS3/other features supported by PhantomJS, using WebKit version is not a good idea. See Supported Web Standards documentation page for details.
If you really like to get the WebKit version, find it via the user agent, run the examples/useragent.js. The actual version depends on the libraries with which PhantomJS was compiled.
In PhantomJS 1.9.8 it is 534.34. Based on this page it was released on 05/05/2011.
PhantomJS 2 will use 538.1 which was released in november 2013:
As of May 2014 it is based on webkit 538.1 (7 months old).
CasperJS runs on top of either PhantomJS (WebKit) or SlimerJS (Gecko). There are currently no other engines available.