I have this simple code in aspnet :assuming no exceptions nor file locking nor process terminates :
new Thread(()=>{
Thread.sleep(15000);
Unless the thread is aborted or the above statements throw exceptions, yes, it will always be created (leaving file permissions and IO problems out of the picture).
Reasons the thread might be aborted:
It is not. When IIS decides to recyle the entire process it will take down both background and foreground threads. See this answer.
Luckily, you can make sure they are not interrupted. You can tell ASP.NET about your thread by implementing the IRegisteredObject interface. You can then register your object using HostingEnvironment.RegisterObject. See The Dangers of Implementing Recurring Background Tasks In ASP.NET