I am attempting to install SSDT v15.6.0 into an existing Visual Studio Team Explorer 2017 instance. When I run the SSDT installer, I can select Visual Studio Team Explorer 2017
This is how I fixed it :
[6748:674C][2020-07-29T09:44:03]i301: Applying execute package: ISVsix, action: Install, path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\15160B731819F56D87A626F9A2777550340022D7\VSIXBootstrapper.exe, arguments: '"C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\15160B731819F56D87A626F9A2777550340022D7\VSIXBootstrapper.exe" /q /admin /instanceIds:"5403e431" /logFile:"C:\Users\xxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\SsdtisSetup\Microsoft.DataTools.IntegrationServices_20200729093525_11_ISVsix.log" "payload\Microsoft.DataTools.IntegrationServices.vsix"
You have to combine location of the VSIXBootstrapper with vsix component location. In my case I had vsix file under C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\15160B731819F56D87A626F9A2777550340022D7\payload
I hope this at least gets you in the right direction.
This is currently broken due to a bug in Visual Studio - see this post on the Developer Community site: SSDT cannot install onto 15.7 version of Visual Studio
It'll be fixed in a forthcoming Visual Studio update, but if you can't wait for that a workaround is to completely uninstall Visual Studio and install an older version. See my answer here for instructions: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50349464/1184850
With the release of SSDT 15.7.1, Team Explorer no longer shows up as an existing Visual Studio install instance option within SSDT. At first I was concerned that the SSDT install would install a Visual Studio shell with no TFS connectivity, however this was not the case. It appears that the SSDT install of the Visual Studio shell picks up on the fact that Visual Studio Team Explorer 2017 is already installed on the machine and the SSDT Visual Studio shell instance has full TFS Connectivity!