I created an app that utilizes Google Maps API, I always back up my app by saving copies of it on an external drive.
I recently reinstalled windows and had to reinstall
Your development key (debug certificate) has changed and you will need let Google know your new one.
When you reinstalled Android Studio it created a new debug certificate for you.
When you reran your app it signed it with this new debug certificate and Google Maps is still expecting the old one.
You will need to change it to the new one in the Google Developer Console.
Follow the instructions here: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-api/signup