Is the use of the null entity (e.g �) valid in HTML5?
I believe the null entity (�) is officially invalid in XML. But I have encountered it when processing HTML. (Perhaps to represent a kind of
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No, it's not valid HTML5. You can easily see this by running the following fragment through a validator such as W3C's:
<!DOCTYPE html><title>�</title>Which will result in the following error:
Line 1, Column 27: Character reference expands to zero.
The specific code points that are not legal in character references are listed in the spec (W3C HTML5, WHATWG HTML Living Standard):
The numeric character reference forms described above are allowed to reference any Unicode code point other than U+0000, U+000D, permanently undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters), surrogates (U+D800–U+DFFF), and control characters other than space characters.
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