Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference

Question

My PHP script is displaying an error:

Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference in C:\\....*.php on line 551

Answer 1

Your second parameter 'strtoupper($a_user[$db_translation['login']])' must be a reference to a variable.

doc : Ref to bindparam

the 'mixed &$variable' in the doc say that it must be a reference (it's the '&')

you can create a variable, and put the result of 'strtoupper($a_user[$db_translation['login']])' into it. For example :

$foo = strtoupper($a_user[$db_translation['login']]);
$res->bindParam(':acc', $foo, PDO::PARAM_STR);

Hope this help

Answer 2

Use:

$param = strtoupper($a_user[$db_translation['login']]);
$res->bindParam(':acc', $param, PDO::PARAM_STR);

Answer 3

use bindValue() because bindParam() second arg is a reference like

$res->bindValue(':acc', strtoupper($a_user[$db_translation['login']]));

if you want to use bindParam then you have to store your statement into one variable and pass that variable as an argument. like.

$test = strtoupper($a_user[$db_translation['login']];
$res->bindParam(':acc', $test), PDO::PARAM_STR);