A recent project made use of very pixel-large (~5e3px2) but still byte-small (~100kb — GIF) images, which both IE8 and iOS Safari refused to render. Both seem aware of the image
Mobile Safari has a 3-megabit buffer for non JPG images. Anything larger than that will not display. Calculate size = w * h * 8 for GIFs.
Any element using CSS "Filters" on IE8 will fail to display on anything with a dimension bigger than 4096 pixels.