Which programming language(s) were used to code Windows Vista?
well having gone through most of the comments, there are quite a good guys out here who do it with only C, yes most of the kernels in the world are written using C the powerful programming language C and as pinch of salt the assembly of course for the disk and video interfaces and for some memory (DMA).
Multiple languages would have been used to create Vista.
For the low level parts, C and assembly language.
The majority would have been in C / C++.
Some of the higher level applications may have been written in managed code.
As far as I remember, the Windows Research Kernel (which is, afaik, based on XP) is written in C. I assume the rest is too. However, just because the kernel is written in C, doesn't mean the entire operating system is. There are also libraries, tools and applications without which Windows would be pretty useless. Of these, I assume that most are written in C, C++ or C#, though thats just an assumption.
From working with the Windows CE operating system I'd say its a mix of C for the old school code and interfaces, and a lot of C++ behind the scenes for drivers and other code. It (WinCE) uses C++ in the drivers behind a C interface to the rest of the system.
Now I'm going to guesstimate and say there are many bits of C# and other code in it now as well.
I would imagine a combination of C/C++ and Assembly (for device interaction).
Well, the Windows kernel is still almost entirely C. However, there are different aspects that use C++, say some parts of the shell and so forth. The core is C. Other languages, perhaps even .NET might be used in some corners for certain applications but C is the OS language of choice in Windows.