Is Java bytecode compatible with different versions of Java?

Question

If I compile an application using Java 5 code into bytecode, are the resulting .class files going to be able to run under Java 1.4?

If the latter can wo

Answer 1

Nope! .class files are forward compatible only. Java 5 introduced new classfile attributes and format changes, to handle Varargs, enums, and generics. Java 4 would just fail when processing these.

However, there is the unsupported -target jsr14 option on javac that generates JDK 1.4-compatible bytecode for some Java 5 language features.

Also, there are projects (e.g. Retroweaver, Retrotranslator) that convert Java 5 classfiles into Java 4 files.

EDIT: I found this good resource: Using Java 5 language features in earlier JDKs

Answer 2

No they are not. .class files are forward compatible only.

Java5 framework implies that your library is probably using generics or annotations that are incompatible with your 1.4 environment. You have to evaluate how much risk there is for you to run your 1.4 application under a 1.5 JVM to enable use of the frameworks you require.

In general I've found moving to 1.5 to be mostly painless, but diligent testing is called-for.

Answer 3

No. You can only move upwards - Java 1.4 bytecode will work on Java 5 runtimes. However, if you aren't using any functionality not found in Java 1.4, you can compile using the -target and -source options of javac.

If you want to use Java 5 to write an application that can be run on Java 4, you can't use any features that weren't present before Java 5.