You can use the pygame.Surface.fill method to fill a surface with a solid color, e.g.:
background.fill((0, 100, 200))
The line above will fill the whole image, even the transparent pixels.
You can also pass a special_flags
argument to use a different blending mode:
background.fill((0, 100, 200), special_flags=pygame.BLEND_MULT)
This one doesn't affect fully transparent pixels.
If you just want to draw some shapes like rects, circles or polygons, use the functions in the pygame.draw (or pygame.gfxdraw) module.