Is there a tool which is able to parse my source code (fortran, C or C++) and return statistics such as the number of loops, the average loop size, the number of functions,
Understand for Fortran/C/C++
SourceMonitor is free and easy to use software for reporting code metrics.
The magic Google term is "code metrics". Wikipedia has a list.
There is a tool called nDepend that gives that kind of analysis.
http://ndepend.com/
It is mainly for .net languages, but they do have a version for c++ and Java.