Q1: How can I reproduce this scenario? (I unsuccessfully tried to reproduce it)
Q2: What does this Unmerged paths:... both modified:... state mean?
Unmerged paths:... both modified:...
You're starting from a false premise: git stash push itself does not cause the problem. It merely suffers from the problem, once the problem exists.
git stash push
(I unsuccessfully tried to reproduce it)
That is not surprising.