I have a task to complete in C#. I have a Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0.
I need to find the number of bits in the Subnet Mask, which would be, in this case, 17.
The solution is to use a binary operation
like
foreach(string octet in ipAddress.Split('.'))
{
int oct = int.Parse(octet);
while(oct !=0)
{
total += oct & 1; // {1}
oct >>=1; //{2}
}
}
The trick is that on line {1} the binary AND
is in sence a multiplication so multiplicating 1x0=0
, 1x1=1
. So if we have some hypothetic number
0000101001
and multiply it by 1
(so in binary world we execute &), which is nothig else then 0000000001
, we get
0000101001
0000000001
Most right digit is 1
in both numbers so making binary AND
return 1
, otherwise if ANY of the numbers minor digit will be 0
, the result will be 0
.
So here, on line total += oct & 1
we add to tolal
either 1
or 0
, based on that digi number.
On line {2}, instead we just shift the minor bit to right by, actually, deviding the number by 2
, untill it becomes 0
.
Easy.
EDIT
This is valid for intgere
and for byte
types, but do not use this technique on floating point
numbers. By the way, it's pretty valuable solution for this question.
You can convert a number to binary like this:
string ip = "255.255.128.0";
string[] tokens = ip.Split('.');
string result = "";
foreach (string token in tokens)
{
int tokenNum = int.Parse(token);
string octet = Convert.ToString(tokenNum, 2);
while (octet.Length < 8)
octet = octet + '0';
result += octet;
}
int mask = result.LastIndexOf('1') + 1;
A complete sample:
public int CountBit(string mask)
{
int ones=0;
Array.ForEach(mask.Split('.'),(s)=>Array.ForEach(Convert.ToString(int.Parse(s),2).Where(c=>c=='1').ToArray(),(k)=>ones++));
return ones
}
string ip = "255.255.128.0";
string a = "";
ip.Split('.').ToList().ForEach(x => a += Convert.ToInt32(x, 2).ToString());
int ones_found = a.Replace("0", "").Length;
Bit counting algorithm taken from:
http://www.necessaryandsufficient.net/2009/04/optimising-bit-counting-using-iterative-data-driven-development/
string mask = "255.255.128.0";
int totalBits = 0;
foreach (string octet in mask.Split('.'))
{
byte octetByte = byte.Parse(octet);
while (octetByte != 0)
{
totalBits += octetByte & 1; // logical AND on the LSB
octetByte >>= 1; // do a bitwise shift to the right to create a new LSB
}
}
Console.WriteLine(totalBits);
The most simple algorithm from the article was used. If performance is critical, you might want to read the article and use a more optimized solution from it.