I have used JQuery Mobile 1.3.1 to create a form that has a date and a time picker using the code below:
If phonegap uses the device's default browser to load the html as an app, it might not work on android because it does not fully support the new html5 input types "date" and "time". The HTML5 test proves it here. You can see here that iDevices support the new HTML5 date and time inputs. So, if phonegap uses a built in browser or webview, it may not work fully with android 4.x and lower.