I'm not a windows guru, but that should be pretty easy. Just so that we are on the same page here: your "c file" is just a text file. Your codeblocks is just a fancy text-editor for that text file. When you click "compile" your codeblocks invokes a compiler - a program which translates the c instructions in the textfile, into binary.
Now, run the following command to go to the main directory.
cd C:\
Than run
dir /s /b myfile.c
if you are looking for your uncompiled c file. If you are looking for the binary:
dir /s /b myfile.exe
To run your program :
C:\path_to_program\program.exe