Long winded title, short question:
If one wants to develop for Windows but not have to rely on any external dependency (no runtime, thus ruling out .net), what suppo
PowerBasic
Goo using Goo compiler (generates ANSI C)
Modula 3 using Critical Mass *
(*note: compiles to ANSI C, which can compile to native code using any standard C compiler)
REALbasic which gives you the extra benefit of being able to compile for Mac and Linux as well.
OCaml compiled with OCaml compiler
Ada compiled with gnat