There are schema and data compare tools from Red Gate that do exactly what you're looking for. There are also some others in the market, like Apex SQL Compare. But, if you're fortunate enough to have Visual Studio 2010 Premium or Ultimate edition, there is a compare tool built in to those versions.
http://www.apexsql.com/default.aspx
http://www.red-gate.com/products/sql-development/sql-compare
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd193250.aspx
Otherwise, you're going to have to use linked servers and a lot of querying against the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.
Some of those software tools you can use on a trial basis and probably get what you need without buying a full license.