I have solved this, so here is the answer for others who may come across this in the future.
I had to delete the Entitlements plist I had created when trying to solve the issue earlier in the day, then recreate it through Xcode and add in the same information that was in my provisioning profile. I also had to do this on BOTH the project and the target.
I have not received the email over this submission, and the binary details on iTunes Connect now list "APS Environment: Production".
Thank you to dpassage and maddy who both attempted to help me with the question.
