Laravel - Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined

Question

On Laravel, why do I get an error

Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined

I have included all parameters.

W

Answer 1

You're inserting all of your SQL inside of laravel's query builder select() method. You just need to utilize its other methods:

$select = [
    'client_id',
    'start_date',
    'end_date',
    'first_name',
    'last_name',
    'phone',
    'postcode'
];

$results = \DB::table('hire')
        ->join('client', 'client.id', '=', 'hire.client_id')
        ->select($select)
        ->where('car_id', $car_id)
        ->whereBetween('start_date', [$start_date, $end_date])
        ->orWhereBetween('end_date', [$start_date, $end_date])
        ->get();

These aren't all of your parameters, but it should get you started.

If you're not looking to use the query builder, try performing a raw($expression):

$results = \DB::raw('SELECT client_id,
                           date_format(start_date,"%d/%m/%Y") as start_date,
                           date_format(end_date,"%d/%m/%Y") as end_date,
                           first_name, last_name, phone, postcode
                        FROM hire INNER JOIN client ON client.id = hire.client_id
                        where ((:sdate between start_date and end_date OR :edate between start_date and end_date) OR (:sdate <= start_date and end_date <= :edate)) AND car_id = :car_id', [
        'sdate'  => $start_date,
        'edate'  => $end_date,
        'car_id' => $car_id
    ]
);

Answer 2

Your query is failing because you are reusing parameters in your query. Laravel uses PDO for its SQL queries. According to the docs:

You cannot use a named parameter marker of the same name more than once in a prepared statement, unless emulation mode is on.

So even though they have the same value, you will have to rename those parameters.

$results = \DB::select('SELECT client_id,
                           date_format(start_date,"%d/%m/%Y") as start_date,
                           date_format(end_date,"%d/%m/%Y") as end_date,
                           first_name, last_name, phone, postcode
                        FROM hire INNER JOIN client ON client.id = hire.client_id
                        where ((:sdate between start_date and end_date OR :edate between start_date and end_date) OR (:sdate2 <= start_date and end_date <= :edate2)) AND car_id = :car_id', [
    'sdate'  => $start_date,
    'sdate2'  => $start_date,
    'edate'  => $end_date,
    'edate2'  => $end_date,
    'car_id' => $car_id
]
);

Answer 3

app/config/database.php

add this in mysql array

'options'=> extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
                PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => true,
            ]) : [],