The file paths are included in "program database" files (.pdb). Such files are created during compilation and paths in these files are as on the compilation machine.
You can remove the .pdb files from your installation, but this way your stack trace will be just half as interesting as it is now, since it will not tell you the line on which the error happened. Normally, you don't run code in production environment with Pdb files attached.
If you want to keep the "interesting stack trace", you can consider doing a string replacement of folder names, after you have called exceptionObject.toString()
.