Emacs shortcuts specific for a file type

Question

is there a way to get different shortcut for different file types?
Tipically I use F12 to compile. It runs make -f. I\'d like to have F12

Answer 1

Add a mode hook for org-mode that does a local-set-key instead of a global-set-key

(add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda () (local-set-key [f12] 'org-export-as-html)))

Answer 2

The clean way to add bindings on a file type basis is to the bindings to the modes themselves:

(define-key org-mode-map (kbd "<f12>") 'org-export-as-html)

See Changing Key Bindings, Keymaps, and Major Mode Conventions