I have successfully installed the plotly library for R.
To get started, I followed their Getting Started for R guide and directly copied the code from several plots
I have had similar troubles with plotly rendering choropleth maps in the RStudio Viewer. Even copying the code exactly as provided in your links to the ployly website gave me just a title and legend, but no map.
However, when I expanded the Viewer using the "Show in new window" button, the choropleth opens up in my web brower fully rendered.
This leads me to believe that the issue is either:
I would like to know if there are any settings either in RStudio or in the packages themselves that may fix this.
EDIT: I do not encounter this issue when rendering the plot on my laptop -- just my desktop. I believe both are running the latest R/RStudio versions so I'm not sure why one renders and one does not.
You currently need an internet connection to view the scattergeo trace type -- https://github.com/ropensci/plotly/issues/356