I am going insane trying to get this to work with even the most basic example. I cannot for the life of me get binding to work. Here is a super easy example that is not work
You haven't set the proper binding source. You would either have to set RelativeSource:
<Label Content="{Binding TestProp, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}" />
Or use TemplateBinding:
<Label Content="{TemplateBinding TestProp}"/>