On this page discussing font lock mode, an example is provided which highlights a custom pattern:
(add-hook \'c-mode-hook (lambda ()
(font-lock-add-keywords nil '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 '(:foreground "blue") t))) (font-lock-add-keywords nil '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 '(:foreground "#F0F0F0") t)))
A full list of attributes is in the manual.