I made an Android Virtual Device. It runs on the SDK emulator using Intel HAXM. I was able to see it in Visual studio (debug devices drop down list) and debug my applicatio
I had this problem and realised that the visual studio environment variable was pointing to: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\AndroidSDK\25 & not 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Android\android-sdk' where I'd created my new AVD.
So, I simply changed that and... of course it didn't work.
However, all is not lost. Simply fire up the emulator in AVD Manager, and drag and drop the .apk file on top of it and it installs!