Changing the linewidth and the color simultaneously in matplotlib

Question

The figure above is a great artwork showing the wind speed, wind direction and temperature simultaneously. detailedly:

• The X axes represent the date

Answer 1

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection
x = np.linspace(0,4*np.pi,10000) # x data
y = np.cos(x) # y data
r = np.piecewise(x, [x < 2*np.pi, x >= 2*np.pi], [lambda x: 1-x/(2*np.pi), 0]) # red
g = np.piecewise(x, [x < 2*np.pi, x >= 2*np.pi], [lambda x: x/(2*np.pi), lambda x: -x/(2*np.pi)+2]) # green
b = np.piecewise(x, [x < 2*np.pi, x >= 2*np.pi], [0, lambda x: x/(2*np.pi)-1]) # blue

a = np.ones(10000) # alpha
w = x # width

fig, ax = plt.subplots(2)

ax[0].plot(x, r, color='r')
ax[0].plot(x, g, color='g')
ax[0].plot(x, b, color='b')

# mysterious parts
points = np.array([x, y]).T.reshape(-1, 1, 2)
segments = np.concatenate([points[:-1], points[1:]], axis=1)
# mysterious parts

rgba = list(zip(r,g,b,a))

lc = LineCollection(segments, linewidths=w, colors=rgba)

ax[1].add_collection(lc)
ax[1].set_xlim(0,4*np.pi)
ax[1].set_ylim(-1.1,1.1)
fig.show()

I notice this is what I suffered.

Answer 2

Using as inspiration another question.

One option would be to use fill_between. But perhaps not in the way it was intended. Instead of using it to create your line, use it to mask everything that is not the line. Under it you can have a pcolormesh or contourf (for example) to map color any way you want.

Look, for instance, at this example:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d

def windline(x,y,deviation,color):
    y1 = y-deviation/2
    y2 = y+deviation/2
    tol = (y2.max()-y1.min())*0.05
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), 100), np.linspace(y1.min()-tol, y2.max()+tol, 100))
    Z = X.copy()
    for i in range(Z.shape[0]):
        Z[i,:] = c

    #plt.pcolormesh(X, Y, Z)
    plt.contourf(X, Y, Z, cmap='seismic')

    plt.fill_between(x, y2, y2=np.ones(x.shape)*(y2.max()+tol), color='w')
    plt.fill_between(x, np.ones(x.shape) * (y1.min() - tol), y2=y1, color='w')
    plt.xlim(x.min(), x.max())
    plt.ylim(y1.min()-tol, y2.max()+tol)
    plt.show()

x = np.arange(100)
yo = np.random.randint(20, 60, 21)
y = interp1d(np.arange(0, 101, 5), yo, kind='cubic')(x)
dv = np.random.randint(2, 10, 21)
d = interp1d(np.arange(0, 101, 5), dv, kind='cubic')(x)
co = np.random.randint(20, 60, 21)
c = interp1d(np.arange(0, 101, 5), co, kind='cubic')(x)
windline(x, y, d, c)

, which results in this:

The function windline accepts as arguments numpy arrays with x, y , a deviation (like a thickness value per x value), and color array for color mapping. I think it can be greatly improved by messing around with other details but the principle, although not perfect, should be solid.